全自动可定量洗胃机的研制

本文介绍一种全自动可定量洗胃机的基本结构、工作原理及软件程序。该机具有设定洗胃液的进胃量，检测进出胃的液量，进出胃液量不平衡时报警，出胃过程堵塞时报警，洗胃液用尽时报警等功能。具有智能化程度高、安全可靠性好、使用方便等特性。     

The influence of epidural administration of fentanyl infusion on gastric emptying in labour

The effect of epidural infusions containing fentanyl on maternal gastric emptying in labour was examined using the rate of paracetamol absorption. Women were randomly allocated to receive one of two epidural infusions, bupivacaine 0.125% alone or bupivacaine 0.0625% with fentanyl 2.5 μgml⁻¹ at a rate of 10–12 mlh⁻¹. Paracetamol 1.5 g was given orally to women after either 30 ml of the infusion solution had been given (mean time 2.5 h, study A) or 40–50 ml (mean time 4.5 h, study B). Six venous blood samples were taken over the next 90 min for measurement of plasma paracetamol concentration. There were no significant differences in maximum plasma paracetamol concentration, time to maximum paracetamol concentration and area under the concentration–time curve between the two groups for study A. In study B the time to maximum plasma paracetamol concentration was significantly delayed in women receiving > 100 μg fentanyl compared with controls (p < 0.05). We conclude that the dose of fentanyl that may delay gastric emptying when given by epidural infusion is greater than 100 μg.     

湖北省土壤和地质因素与胃癌死亡相关性的研究

以湖北省78个县、市为研究对象,用单因素及多因素分析方法探讨了土壤、地质因素与胃癌死亡率的关系,直线相关分析表明与胃癌死亡率有显著性相关(双侧检验,P<0.05)的因素有:变质岩(r=0.6021)、酸性土(r=0.3751)、沉积岩(r=-0.2939)、砂土(r=0.2786)、碱性土(r=-0.2686)和二迭系地层(r=-0.2502)等6个因素;逐步回归分析表明在α=0.05时,变质岩、第三系地层和中性土三因素被选入回归方程,结合多元线性回归分析可知此三因素是与胃癌死亡率线性相关的主要因素。     

胃粘膜肠上皮化生与胃癌关系的粘液组织化学和免疫组织化学研究

应用ＡＢ（ｐＨ１．０）ＫＯＨ／ＰＡＳ粘液组织化学和ＡＢＣ法凝集素标记免疫组织化学方法对１９０例胃粘膜标本进行观察。结果表明，结肠不完全型肠上皮化生多见于肠型癌及其癌旁组织。在形态学和功能上，显示出一定程度的分化不成熟。两型肠化在弥漫型癌中无显著差异。５种凝集素受体含量和分布的差异与胃癌的组织学类型和分化程度有关，凝集素肠化分型和组织学类型的关系与粘液组化染色基本相符。我们认为不完全型肠化与肠型胃癌的发生关系密切，而完全型肠化可能与弥漫型胃癌有关。应用ＡＢ／ＫＯＨ／ＰＡＳ染色进行肠化分型和凝集素标记，对于癌前病变的检测和癌的早期诊断都具有一定价值。     

Altered tachykinergic influence on gastric mechanical activity in mdx mice

This study investigated whether alterations in gastric activity in dystrophic mdx mouse can be attributed to dysfunctions of tachykinins. Endoluminal pressure was recorded and the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), NK1 and NK2 neurokinin receptors was investigated by immunohistochemistry. SR48968, NK2 receptor antagonist, but not SR140333, NK1 receptor antagonist, decreased the tone only in mdx gastric preparations. In the presence of N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), inhibitor of NOS, SR48968 reduced the tone also in normal stomach. [Sar(9), Met(O(2))(11)]-SP, agonist of NK1 receptors, caused tetrodotoxin-sensitive relaxations, antagonized by SR140333 or l-NAME, with no difference in the potency or efficacy between normal and mdx preparations. [beta-Ala(8)]-NKA(4-10), an NK2 receptor agonist, induced SR48968-sensitive contractions in both types of preparations, although the maximal response of mdx tissues was significantly lower than normal preparations. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a consistent reduction of nNOS and NK2 receptor expression in mdx stomach smooth muscle cells and no change in nNOS and NK1 receptor expression in neurones. In conclusion, in mdx stomach the activation of NK2 receptors plays a role in the development of the tone, associated with a reduced NO production by muscular nNOS. The hypo-responsiveness to NK2 receptors could depend on the reduced expression of these receptors.     

核因子kB在大鼠胃缺血再灌注损伤中的表达及意义

目的研究核因子kB（NF-kB）在大鼠胃缺血再灌注损伤中的表达及意义。方法采用大鼠胃缺血再灌注（gustric ischemia/reperfusion, CI／R）模型（夹闭腹腔动脉30min后再灌注），分别于再灌注0．5、1、3、24h取胃，计算胃黏膜损伤指数。应用免疫组化、Western blot方法检测胃黏膜NF-kB p65。结果大鼠GUR后引起胃黏膜损伤，再灌注1h时损伤最明显，随后降低，24h接近正常。GI／R后胃黏膜NF—kB阳性细胞数和蛋白表达量增多，与胃黏膜损伤变化规律一致。结论NF-kB在大鼠CI／R损伤过程中发挥着重要作用。     

40例胃占位病变的X线及超声诊断

分析了经病理证实的４０例胃占位病变的Ｘ线及超声资料，旨在探讨超声及其与Ｘ线结合在胃占位病变中的价值。结果提示，超声和Ｘ线各有优缺点，二者结合使用，可互相取长补短，对提高胃占位病变的诊断质量，帮助临床制定合理的治疗方案有肯定价值。     

胃癌的危险因素调查及癌前病变动态观察

报道温州地区胃癌高发区瑞安塘下的致癌危险因素的调查情况,结果表明它是由多种致癌危险因素的综合影响。作者应用内镜活检在18000例慢性胃病患者中查出癌前病变(高危人群)1132例,经3月～14年活检随访,表明胃癌前病变有一定的可逆转性;癌变率较高的是胃溃疡(GU)+不典型增生(ATP)组、GU+慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)组及CAG+ATP组均为4.1％;总癌变率为3.1％。早癌检出率占胃癌总数的48.6％,为门诊早癌检出率的6.8倍。此方法简单、经济实用。     

高位食管癌切除颈部胃食管重建术的临床应用和初步评价

本文报道了我院自1988年至1994年间采用高位食管癌切除颈部胃食管重建术治疗高位食管癌23例的结果，其中男14例，女9例，年龄35－70岁，平均年龄52岁，病变位于颈段者11例，上胸段者12例。2，3，5年生存率分别为62．5％，55．1％，33．3％。同时介绍了手术要点和该术式的优点，并提出了吻合口瘘的预防措施。     

CARNEY'S TRIAD

A 26 year old female presented with partial expression of Carney's triad. This is the first Australian report of the condition. The role of surgery and the need for vigilance to detect the occurrence of the complete triad are stressed.